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HARDROCK:

Hard rock is a variation of rock and roll music which has its earliest roots in mid-1960s garage and psychedelic rock. It is typified by a heavy use of distorted electric guitars, bass guitar and drums. The term "hard rock" is often used as an umbrella term for genres such as grunge or metal and in order to distinguish them from pop rock genre.

Characteristics:
Hard rock is strongly influenced by blues music[citation the most frequently used scale in hard rock is the pentatonic, which is a typical blues scale. Unlike traditional rock and roll (which takes elements of the "old" blues), hard rock incorporates elements of "British blues", a style of blues played with more modern instruments such as electric guitars, drums, keyboards and electric bass. A notable departure from traditional blues forms is that hard rock is seldom restricted to the I, IV, and V chords prevalent in 12- or 16-bar blues, but includes other chords, typically major chords rooted on tones of the minor scale.

The term "hard rock" is often applied to many styles of rock music, their only common feature being that they deviate from pop rock, though this is generally incorrect. Two such examples are punk rock and grunge. Punk rock uses a faster tempo and fewer riffs (often using power chords).

Instrumentation:
The predominant instruments in hard rock are the electric guitar, bass guitar, and drums. The role of the guitarist is very prevalent in hard rock. Most hard rock bands comprise two different types of guitarist: lead guitarist and rhythm guitarist. The lead guitarist plays the solos, riffs and fills. Speed-enhancing techniques such as alternate picking, sweep picking and tapping, are used by hard rock lead guitarists to maximize the speed of their solos and riffs. The role of the rhythm guitarist is to complement the lead guitarist and provide rhythmic and harmonic accompaniment to the other instruments in the band. The bass guitarist and drummer's role are important to the structure of hard rock music; the bassline outlines the harmony of the music while the drums sustain the rhythm of the music.

Differentiation from heavy metal:
During the 1970s, hard rock inspired a new genre of music known as "heavy metal." The emergence of this genre has led to confusion between hard rock and heavy metal bands, as the distinctions between the two are usually subtle, and the distinction often comes down to a band's image, rather than its songs. The two genres have some crossovers, for example; heavy metal pioneers, such as Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple, are often considered both heavy metal and hard rock, whereas, bands such as AC/DC, Aerosmith, Queen, The Who, Thin Lizzy, Guns N' Roses, Nazareth, Van Halen and Kiss, are normally referred to as hard rock.

To further the confusion, the most popular heavy metal subgenre of the 1980s, glam metal, was known to take influence from both the pioneering hard rock acts such as Alice Cooper, Queen, Kiss and Aerosmith, etc. All four of these bands would go on to experiment with glam metal in the 1980s.

From a musical point of view, heavy metal tends to interpret the basic syncopated jazz rhythm of an eight and two sixteenth carried on a ride cymbal with a swing feel down to the bass line with a literal "straight up" feel. Thus the "dum da da dum da da dum" bass line is a standard basis for the heavy metal sound as heard, for example, in Black Sabbath's song "Heaven and Hell" during the verses, or in Iron Maiden's song "Flight of Icarus", or also Dio's "Holy Diver". Another good example is to listen to the difference between how the song "Helter Skelter" is played by the original writers, The Beatles, and the interpretation as played by Mötley Crüe.

The primary difference between glam metal and heavy metal is in lyrics, image and melody. Heavy metal lyrical content extends from "reality lament" tone of blues, discussing serious, provocative or philosophical ideas. Heavy metal image usually sports "macho" black leather, dark clothing or punk-influenced dressing with leather jackets and jeans. Melodies and the whole music in general are generally not "catchy" and pop-influenced as glam metal. Glam metal (in some cases referred to as "hair metal"), on the other hand, extends from its more "fantasy escapist" tones of pop music, and the lyrics tends to focus more on parties, having a good time, and relationships. The image of these bands are huge, teased hairs, outrageous outfits and a lot of make up. (Note: do not confuse with power metal, which is "fantasy escapist" in the sense that the lyrics deal with such fantastical subjects as magic and classical myth).

Early years (1960s):
As stated, one of the major influences of hard rock is blues music, especially British blues. British rock bands, such as The Rolling Stones, The Beatles, The Yardbirds, The Who and The Kinks modified rock and roll, adding to the standard genre harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming and louder vocals. This sound created the basis for hard rock. Early forms of hard rock can be heard in the songs "Happenings Ten Years Time Ago" by The Yardbirds, "Helter Skelter" by The Beatles, "I Can See for Miles" by The Who, and "You Really Got Me" by The Kinks.

At the same time, Jimi Hendrix, produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock and roll, creating a unique genre. He was one of the first guitarists to experiment with new guitar effects like phasing, feedback and distortion, along with Dave Davies of the Kinks, Pete Townshend of The Who, and Jeff Beck of the Yardbirds.

Hard rock emerged with British groups of the late-1960s, such as Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin, who mixed the music of early British rock bands with a more hard-edged form of blues rock and acid rock. Deep Purple helped pioneer the hard rock genre with the albums, Shades of Deep Purple (1968), The Book of Taliesyn (1968), and Deep Purple (1969). Led Zeppelin's eponymous first album, Led Zeppelin I (1969), and The Who's Live at Leeds (1970), are examples of music from the beginning of the hard rock genre. The blues origins of the albums are clear, and a few songs by well-known blues artists are adapted or covered within them.

First era (1970s):
Led Zeppelin's third album, Led Zeppelin III was more Folk rock-oriented than their second, but the heavy aspects of their music remained. In 1970, Black Sabbath released what is considered the first heavy metal album, Black Sabbath. Black Sabbath's music was revolutionary even in hard rock; it was typified by dark lyrics, hard riffs and a heavy atmosphere, transforming the current hard rock into to an early form of heavy metal.

Deep Purple's transformation of hard rock continued with their album, Machine Head, considered (along with Black Sabbath) as one of the first proto-metal albums. The Machine Head song, "Highway Star", is considered the first speed metal song. Another band, Nazareth, provided a blend of hard rock which commercialised the genre further with their best selling album, Hair of the Dog, which in turn, influenced numerous other bands.

During the 1970s, hard rock developed a variety of sub-genres. In 1972, heavy metal pioneer Alice Cooper put shock rock into the mainstream with the top ten album School's Out. The following year, Aerosmith, Queen and Montrose released their eponymous debut albums, demonstrating the broadening directions of hard rock. In 1974, Bad Company released its debut album, and Queen released its third album, Sheer Heart Attack, with the track Stone Cold Crazy influencing later thrash metal artists, such as Metallica and Megadeth. Queen used layered vocals and guitars and mixed hard rock with glam rock, heavy metal, prog rock, and even opera. KISS released their first three albums Kiss, Hotter Than Hell and Dressed To Kill, in a little over a year, achieving their commercial breakthrough with double live album Alive!. In the mid-1970s, Aerosmith released the ground-breaking albums Toys in the Attic and Rocks which incorporated elements of blues and hard rock and would later influence rock artists as diverse as Metallica, Guns N' Roses, and Mötley Crüe.

With the death of Tommy Bolin in 1976, Deep Purple disbanded. In 1977, Foreigner released a highly successful debut album. A year later, The Who's drummer, Keith Moon died in his sleep via an overdose. With the rise of disco in the U.S. and punk rock in the UK, hard rock began to lose popularity. Disco appealed to a more diverse group of people and punk seemed to take over the rebellious role that hard rock once held. Meanwhile, Black Sabbath moved away from the darkness of their early work with albums such as Technical Ecstasy.

Van Halen, another important group in hard rock, emerged in 1978. Their music was based mostly on the guitar skills of Eddie Van Halen, the lead guitarist. The song, "Eruption" from the album Van Halen, demonstrated Eddie Van Halen's technique and was very influential.

In 1979, the differences between the hard rock movement and the rising heavy metal movement were highlighted when the Australian hard rock band, AC/DC, released its second-biggest album, Highway to Hell. AC/DC's music was based mostly on rhythm & blues and early-1970s hard rock, with the group explicitly repudiating the "heavy metal" tag.

Second era (1980s):
In 1980, Led Zeppelin disbanded after the sudden death of drummer John Bonham. Bon Scott, the lead singer of AC/DC, also died in 1980. With these deaths, the first wave of "classic" hard rock bands ended. Some bands, such as Queen, moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. AC/DC recorded the album Back in Black, with their new lead singer, Brian Johnson. Back in Black is the fifth highest-selling album of all time in the U.S[5] and the second biggest selling album in the world. [6] By being so successful, AC/DC and Van Halen helped make possible the rise of more radio-friendly hard rock. Ozzy Osbourne released his first solo album, Blizzard of Ozz which featured American guitarist Randy Rhoads.

In 1981, the U.S. band, Mötley Crüe, released Too Fast for Love, which set the basis for the rising genre of glam metal. A year later, the genre grew, especially thanks to bands such as Twisted Sister and Quiet Riot. Quiet Riot's Metal Health (1983) became the first heavy metal album ever to reach #1 on the Billboard United States chart.

Also in 1983, Def Leppard, an English hard rock band, released the album Pyromania, which reached #2 on the American charts. Their music was a mix of glam rock and heavy metal which influenced many 1980s hard rock and glam rock bands.

That same year, Mötley Crüe released the album, Shout at the Devil, which became a huge hit. Van Halen's album 1984 became a huge success as well, hitting #2 on the Billboard album charts. In particular, the song "Jump" reached #1 on the singles chart (where it remained for several weeks) and is considered one of the most popular rock songs ever written. However, 1984 was also their first to include the constant and repetitive use of keyboards and synthesizers, marking a shift away from their original guitar-orientated style.

Metallica released the hit album Ride the Lightning in 1984, which featured legendary song "For Whom the Bell Tolls".

The late 1980s saw the most commercially successful time period for hard rock. Numerous hard rock acts achieved hits in the mainstream charts. One of those hits was the album Slippery When Wet (1986) by Bon Jovi, which spent a total of 8 weeks at the top of the Billboard 200 album chart and became the first hard rock album to spawn three Top 10 singles, two of which reached #1. In addition, the popular song "The Final Countdown" by Swedish rock group Europe was released in 1986.

In 1987, the most notable successes in the charts were, Appetite for Destruction by Guns N' Roses, and Hysteria by Def Leppard (both of which reached #1 on Billboard's album chart), Mötley Crüe's Girls, Girls, Girls and Whitesnake's self-titled album. In 1988 and 1989, the most notable successes were New Jersey by Bon Jovi, Pump by Aerosmith, and Dr. Feelgood by Mötley Crüe. New Jersey spawned five Top 10 singles, the most ever for a hard rock album. Dinosaur Jr and Sonic Youth achieved underground success in the U.S., and would later reach the mainstream in the 1990s. In 1988, Skid Row formed. Their first album, Skid Row, was released in 1989.

CD1:

01. Roky Erickson & the Explosives - The Beast
02. Jericho - Ethiopia
03. Edgar Broughton Band - Evening Over Rooftops
04. The Youngbloods - 01 - Grizzly Bear
05. Country Joe & the Fish - Section 43
06. 13th Floor Elevators - Baby Blue
07. James Gang - Take A Look Around
08. The Attack - Anymore Than I Do
09. Alice Cooper - Elected
10. Bufallo Springfield - On The Way Home
11. Taste - Blister On The Moon
12. Morgen - Welcome To The Void
13. Twink - The Sparrow is a Sign
14. Stephen Stills - Love The One You´re With
15. Motörhead - Stand By Your Man
16. Canned Heat - Catfish Blues
17. Deep Purple - Hush
18. Sam Gopal - You´re Alone Now

CD2:

01. Captain Beefhart - On Tomorrow
02. The Amboy Dukes - Mississippi Murderer
03. The Human Instinct - Pink Dawn
04. Steve Miller Band - Children of the Future
05. Lost & Found - Forever Lasting Plastic Words
06. Conqueroo - 1 to 3
07. Gene Clark - She's The Kind Of Girl
08. The Eyes - I'm Rowed Out
09. Pentagram - Walk in the Blue Light
10. Doug Sahm - (Is Anybody Going To) San Antone
11. Eric Burdon & The Animals - I´m An Animal
12. Live Yardbirds Featuring Jimmy Page - I'm A Man
13. Samuel Prody - Who Will Buy
14. The Open Mind - Dear Louise
15. The Rockets - Hole In My Pocket
16. Fire - Fathers Name Is Dad
17. The Pretty Things - Cries From The Midnight Circus

CD3:

01. Fairport Convention - Close To The Door Lightly When You Go
02. Ufo - Boogie
03. Pink Floyd - See Emily Play
04. John Dummer Band - Few Short Lines
05. Frank Zappa - Flower Punk
06. Screaming Lord Sutch - Come Back Baby
07. The Ghost - Hearts And Flowers
08. Yesterday's Children - Paranoia
09. Grand Theft - Leavin´ this Town
10. Gravy Train - Can Anybody Hear Me
11. Help Yourself - I Must See Jesus For Myself
12. Ten Years After - Working on the Road
13. The Golden Dawn - Evolution
14. Truth - 6 O' Clock Alarm
15. The Syn - Grounded
16. Paul Butterfield Blues Band - Hate To See You Go
17. Pinnacle - Assasin
18. Mason - Let It Burn
19. The Gods - To Samuel A Son