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The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye is Marvin Gaye's 1961 debut album, and the second long-playing album (TM-221) released by Motown. The first was Hi... We're The Miracles (TM-220). It's most notable as the album that caused the first known struggle of Gaye's turbulent tenure with the label.

History
Between his release from the U.S. Air Force in 1957 and signing with Motown Records' Tamla imprint in 1961, Marvin Pentz Gay, Jr. was struggling to find his identity in the music business. A long admirer of different forms of music from early rock 'n' roll, blues, jazz and doo-wop, Gaye sought to mix the styles of Nat King Cole, Billy Eckstine, Little Willie John and Jesse Belvin, first getting involved in groups such as the Marquees, which he joined following his honorable discharge from a tenure in the Air Forces, which soon replaced the original members of Harvey Fuqua's group The Moonglows under the moniker, Harvey and the New Moonglows, with Reese Palmer doing most of the leads though Marvin did take some lead vocal parts, including speaking in the intro and ending of the single, "The Twelve Months of the Year", and sung all lead in the song, "Mama Loochie". Both songs were released on the Chess label in 1959 and during this period the group sung background for notable Chess acts including Chuck Berry on the song "Almost Grown", and Etta James' "Chained to My Rocking Chair". After living in Chicago for two years and following a tour in Detroit, Fuqua decided to split up the group and take Marvin with him to help get him work in the musically-developing city. Fuqua then signed Marvin to a contract with his Harvey and Tri-Phi Records and also assigned him to work with his then-girlfriend Gwen Gordy's Anna label. Gaye would do drumming work for acts on Tri-Phi and Harvey including, most notably, The Spinners, on their debut hit, "That's What Girls Are Made For". In December of 1960, Marvin introduced himself to Motown CEO Berry Gordy at Motown's annual Christmas party by playing piano and singing "Mr. Sandman". Gordy was impressed with Marvin and later began working out a negotiation deal with Fuqua to sign the young singer to Gordy's Motown empire. Fuqua agreed to sell 50% of his interest in Marvin to Gordy, which led to Gordy presenting Gaye with a lucrative deal, which he signed with the following month. Marvin was then assigned to Motown's Tamla imprint, an imprint he'd record with for the 20 years he recorded with the label. In the meantime, Marvin met and fell in love with one of Gordy's sisters, Anna Gordy and the couple would begin dating during the spring of 1961, marrying within a year.

Recording and release
As great as it was to sign Marvin to Motown, the label and the young singer soon clashed with musical direction. While the label was recording R&B music for teenagers, Marvin, who admired Nat King Cole and Ray Charles, wanted to record more "adult" music, including jazz and pop standards. Gaye had noted that Cole and Charles had found bigger success recording more adult music, and after seeing that Charles had had success recording jazz music, rather than just R&B, he felt he could do similar. Marvin, who later admitted that growing up, he was told not to dance, also wanted to, in his words, "sit on a stool and croon" rather than "shake my ass onstage" saying that his voice was what people paid attention to and not his dancing. After much push, Marvin finally was allowed to record an album of jazz standards with a compromise that he'd record a couple of R&B-sounding songs. Singing in a laid-back, soulful tenor, Gaye also played drums and piano on the album while Berry Gordy overlooked much of the album's production. Anna Gordy was another collaborator, co-writing the R&B song, "Never Let You Go (Sha-Lu-Bop)" for her boyfriend. The album was recorded for two weeks and was released on June 8, 1961. Before the release of his first single, the Berry Gordy-composed ballad "Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide", Marvin added an extra 'e' to his last name, to look "more professional".

Attention wasn't given much on the album upon its release and "Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide" failed to become a major hit, though it was a regional hit in the Midwest and West Coast. The label released two more singles afterwards, which featured Gaye still singing in a smooth tenor. His style soon changed to include gospel infections, which helped to bring success after he released his first hit, "Stubborn Kind of Fellow", in 1962. Motown Records, at that particular time of this album's release was still fledgling with success just from The Miracles and Mary Wells. Gaye's jazz ambitions continued after the album's release, throughout the 1960s, he recorded three more albums featuring jazz covers, which didn't go well with audiences used to the singer's grittier R&B work during the sixties.

01."(I'm Afraid) The Masquerade is Over" (Herbert Magidson, Allie Wrubel) – 5:08
02."My Funny Valentine" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) – 3:26
03."Witchcraft" (Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh) – 2:22
04."Easy Living" (Ralph Rainger, Leo Robin) – 3:05
05."How Deep is the Ocean?" (Irving Berlin) – 3:08
06."Love For Sale" (Cole Porter) – 2:54
07."Always" (Irving Berlin) – 2:58
08."How High the Moon" (Nancy Hamilton, Morgan Lewis) – 2:28
09."Let Your Conscience Be Your Guide" (Berry Gordy) – 3:01
10."Never Let You Go" (Harvey Fuqua, Anna Gordy Gaye) – 2:41
11."You Don't Know What Love Is" (Gene DePaul, Don Raye) – 3:53